Three nervous investors in suits in front of a 1987-style crash scene, the New York Stock Exchange and a rising red arrow with autumn leaves

It’s officially been 39 years since Black Monday erased a fifth of the stock market’s value in a single trading session.

On October 19, 1987, the Dow plunged 22.6% and the S&P 500 dropped 20.5%, with both numbers still the worst one-day moves on record.

It makes sense why October has a reputation for crashes, given that other sizable sell offs have transpired the same month:

  • The Panic of 1907 started in October, when the Knickerbocker Trust suspended operations on October 22

  • The Dow fell 12.8% on October 28, 1929, and another 11.7% the next day

  • The Dow fell 7.2% on October 27, 1997, triggering market-wide circuit breakers for the first time

  • The S&P 500 fell 16.9% in October 2008

Plus, five of the S&P 500's 10 worst days since 1950 came in October, as did its two worst months.

Bar chart of S&P 500 peak-to-bottom declines and one-year returns after the 1929, 1987 and 2008 October crashes. The index was 23% above its October 19, 1987 Black Monday close a year later

The repercussions of these events tell a mixed story.

The S&P 500 was 23% above its Black Monday close a year later, while the Dow didn't regain its 1929 peak until November 1954.

Now, none of this makes October a bad month. Since 1950, the S&P 500 has averaged a 0.9% gain in October and finished higher 59% of the time.

September typically fares much worse. It's the weakest month on average, down 0.6%, and it’s finished higher just 45% of the time.

Bar chart of average and median S&P 500 monthly price returns by calendar month from 1950 to 2025. October averages a 0.9% gain while September averages a 0.6% loss

Indeed, October has been even better in midterm election years like this one.

The S&P 500 has averaged a 3% gain in midterm-year Octobers and climbed across 14 of 19.

As I’ve written about in recent weeks:

Bar chart of average S&P 500 fourth-quarter price returns by presidential cycle year from 1950 to 2025. Midterm years average 6.6% versus 2.5% to 3.9% otherwise

Since 1950, the S&P 500's fourth quarter has averaged a 6.6% gain in midterm years, the strongest of the four-year presidential cycle.

This year, the S&P 500 bottomed on March 30 and has climbed nearly 21% since.

So as much as you might read about this month seeing history’s biggest crashes, October has much more frequently been the start of a strong finish than not.

Market snapshot table with Friday, October 16, 2026 closes for major indexes, commodities, the 10-year yield and bitcoin

Elsewhere

📉 Chip stocks just logged their longest losing streak since 2008. The Philadelphia Semiconductor Index fell 3.83% Friday for its eighth straight decline, and it has lost 16% since its last gain on October 6. (Yahoo Finance)

🏦 Fed Chair Kevin Warsh declined to signal his next move on rates. "I don't prejudge meetings," he said Friday, and Goldman Sachs economists expect a pause at the October 27-28 meeting followed by a second and final hike in December. (CNBC)

🤖 Microsoft reportedly pulled out of a UK data center deal with Nscale. Microsoft was set to be the anchor tenant at a Loughton site in Essex, a blow to the Nvidia-backed company after it filed for a US IPO last month. (Yahoo Finance)

Rapid-fire

  • South Korea's finance minister says the chip boom will last at least through 2027 (CNBC)

  • China proposed export curbs on 12 key solar manufacturing technologies (Yahoo Finance)

  • Berkshire Hathaway shares hit their highest level since Buffett said he would step down (CNBC)

  • The market still thinks the Fed will hike interest rates again (Searching for Signals)

  • This beat-down retail stock could surge 137% now that it got a new turnaround CEO (Best Ideas Club)

  • There's a 47-point gap between the best and worst Magnificent 7 stocks this year (Opening Bell Daily)

Full Signal

I joined Anthony Pompliano on stage at the Silvia Investor Summit in New York for a special live episode. We covered the charts driving markets, midterm-year seasonality, the bull and bear cases on AI, and the four stocks I'm bullish on right now.

Tune in on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or YouTube.

On this day

🗓 October 19, 2021: The ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF began trading as the first US bitcoin futures ETF. About $1 billion worth of shares changed hands that day, one of the strongest ETF debuts ever.

Last thing

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Phil Rosen
Phil Rosen

Phil Rosen is co-founder and CEO of Opening Bell Media and chief market strategist for Silvia Inc. (NASDAQ: SVIA). He hosts Full Signal and writes Opening Bell Daily — the markets briefing read by over 200,000 investors and published on Bloomberg Terminals — and has also published two books and won a Fulbright award for his reporting. Contact him at [email protected].

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